El proceso de envejecimiento de las sociedades es el fenómeno demográfico que caracteriza a las sociedades actuales. En el caso argentino, alrededor del 16.5% de la población es representada por personas mayores y se concentra principalmente en áreas urbanas. Además, la sociedad está atravesada por desigualdades socioeconómicas, laborales y educativas que dan lugar a diversos perfiles de envejecimiento. El envejecimiento exitoso es un modelo que emerge en el siglo XX a través de Rowe y Kahn, definido como baja probabilidad de enfermedad y discapacidad relacionada con enfermedades, alto funcionamiento físico y cognitivo, compromiso social y la participación en la vida. Sin embargo, este modelo ha recibido numerosas críticas debido a su perspectiva individualista y principalmente biológica, considerada como reduccionista. Autores posteriores proponen ampliar el modelo de envejecimiento exitoso de modo tal que incluya aspectos sociales, económicos, laborales y educativos e incluso considerar las historias de vida de las personas mayores. Palabras clave Envejecimiento exitoso - Desigualdades sociales - Personas mayores - Vejez ABSTRACT SUCCESSFUL AGING AND CRITIQUES CONCERNING SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS The aging of societies is the demographic phenomenon that characterizes contemporary populations. In Argentina, approximately 16.5% of the population is made up of older adults, who are mainly concentrated in urban areas. Furthermore, society is marked by socioeconomic, occupational, and educational inequalities that give rise to diverse aging profiles. Successful aging is a model that emerged in the 20th century through the work of Rowe and Kahn, and is defined as a low probability of disease and disease-related disability, high physical and cognitive functioning, social engagement, and active participation in life. However, this model has received numerous criticisms due to its individualistic and primarily biological perspective, which is considered reductionist. Later authors have proposed expanding the successful aging model to include social, economic, occupational, and educational aspects, as well as taking into account the life histories of older adults. Keywords Successful aging - Social inequalities - Older adults - Old age