The following entry presents Samuel Pufendorf’s conceptualisation of territorial rights, as it can be articulated from his mature works on natural law, De Iure Naturae et Gentium and De Officio Hominis et Civis Juxta Legem. The first section offers a general overview of his philosophical work and reconstructs the key underpinnings of his territorial rights theory. The second section analyses Pufendorf’s concept and justificatory strategy of territory and assesses its limits. Finally, the third section addresses the political significance of Pufendorf’s contribution in modern and contemporary debates on territorial rights.